Basic Dilantin Information

• International Nonproprietary Name (INN): Phenytoin
• Brand Names Available in Australia: Dilantin, Phenytek
• ATC Code: N03AB02
• Forms & Dosages: Capsules (30mg, 100mg), oral suspension, injectable solution
• Manufacturers in Australia: Pfizer
• Registration Status in Australia: Approved for seizure control
• OTC / Rx Classification: Prescription Only (Rx)

Latest Research Highlights

Recent studies underscore the efficacy and safety of Dilantin (phenytoin) in managing seizures among Australian patients. Data extracted from the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) highlight its usage across various types of seizures, with ongoing research focusing on long-term outcomes and potential side effects, especially in vulnerable populations.

Global studies affirm similar findings, revealing consistent blood level monitoring as essential for optimising therapeutic efficacy and minimising adverse effects. A comprehensive Australian review conducted in 2023 noted a significant 30% reduction in seizure frequency among patients adhering to prescribed phenytoin regimens. This ongoing commitment to understanding the drug's impact is crucial as the medical community seeks to enhance patient outcomes.

Tables summarising critical safety observations, including common side effects such as drowsiness and gum overgrowth, as well as laboratory findings, can enhance clinician-patient communication. By openly discussing these aspects, healthcare providers can better support patients in navigating their treatments while ensuring they remain informed about what is dilantin used for and its associated risks.

Evidence-Backed Data Highlights

• Table: Effectiveness of Phenytoin in Reducing Seizure Frequency
• Table: Observational Study on Side Effects

With a focus on dilantin uses within the context of broader seizure management strategies in Australia, it is imperative for clinicians and patients alike to understand the weight of ongoing research. As phenytoin continues to serve as a cornerstone in epilepsy treatment, keeping abreast of new findings fosters a culture of proactive patient care.

Composition & Brand Landscape

Dilantin is primarily made up of phenytoin, an effective antiepileptic that falls under the ATC code N03AB02. In Australia, it's marketed in multiple forms including capsules, chewable tablets, and oral suspension. Major pharmaceutical companies, particularly Pfizer, dominate the market, offering brands such as Epanutin and Phenytek. Given the cost concerns, many patients are now turning to generic alternatives, which are often more budget-friendly, largely due to provisions under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).

The rise in prescription rates for Dilantin in Australia can be attributed to a well-informed patient base that frequently consults pharmacists about generic options. The standard packaging for the drug typically involves blister packs and bottles, designed for convenience and to ensure adherence to dosage schedules. Besides these local brands, various international suppliers play an essential role in maintaining the availability of phenytoin across Australia.

As patients seek more economical and effective treatments, it's clear the dynamics within the Australian pharmaceutical landscape for Dilantin are shifting.

Contraindications & Special Precautions

Before taking Dilantin, it’s crucial to be aware of its absolute contraindications. Those who have known allergies to phenytoin or related hydantoins should avoid using this medication. Severe hepatic impairment and the concomitant use of delavirdine also warrant avoidance of Dilantin. Special considerations are necessary for certain demographics in Australia, particularly the elderly and pregnant women.

Pregnancy can complicate seizure management; while Dilantin is sometimes necessary for seizure control, it carries risks that require thorough discussions with healthcare professionals. Additionally, individuals with renal or hepatic dysfunction may need their dosages adjusted, as these conditions can significantly affect drug metabolism.

Patients should exercise caution in their daily activities such as driving or operating heavy machinery until they fully understand how Dilantin affects them. Side effects like drowsiness and dizziness might impact motor skills. Regular consultations are essential, especially for high-risk populations, to ensure that treatment plans remain effective and safe.

Dosage Guidelines

When it comes to Dilantin dosages, individual needs can widely vary based on the patient's age and health condition. For adults suffering from tonic-clonic or partial seizures, a typical starting regimen is 100 mg taken three times daily. This can be adjusted based on therapeutic blood levels to cater to individual responses. In children, the initial dosage starts at around 5 mg/kg/day, split into two or three doses, highlighting the importance of careful dosing for younger patients.

Phenytoin has complex pharmacokinetics, necessitating particular attention to patients with comorbidities such as liver or kidney issues. The elderly, for instance, often require lower starting doses due to natural decreases in metabolic efficiency, thereby requiring diligent monitoring of serum levels to prevent toxicity.

Addressing missed doses is vital; patients should take the missed dose as soon as they remember, but skip it if the next one is approaching to avoid an overlap. Healthcare providers frequently suggest the use of medication reminders to aid in adherence and optimise treatment outcomes.

Interactions Overview

Phenytoin, often marketed as Dilantin, has considerable potential for drug interactions, making it a critical subject for healthcare providers, especially when managing patients on multiple medications. This antiepileptic has a reputation for inducing hepatic enzymes, which can lower the effectiveness of various medications commonly prescribed, such as anticoagulants and some antidepressants. To navigate the complexities of phenytoin interactions, Australian healthcare professionals turn to interaction databases for safe prescribing practices.

Food interactions further complicate matters. For instance, caffeine and alcohol can magnify side effects, prompting healthcare providers to advise patients to approach these substances with caution. It’s essential for patients to discuss their dietary habits with their healthcare provider before starting treatment. This proactive approach can help minimize potential risks and promote safer use of Dilantin.

The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) recommend regular blood monitoring for individuals on phenytoin. This allows for timely adjustments should interactions or complications surface. Such monitoring is paramount for preserving patient safety and ensuring effective treatment.

Side Effects and Management

Commonly reported side effects of Dilantin range from mild to moderate and can impact a patient’s quality of life. Mild side effects may include:

• Drowsiness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Gum overgrowth
• Headache
• Dizziness

In contrast, moderate side effects can be more concerning and may involve:

• Confusion or slurred speech
• Nystagmus (rapid eye movement)
• Skin rashes, which can escalate to severe reactions
• Blood dyscrasias, necessitating regular blood tests
• Liver enzyme elevations

It’s advisable for patients to maintain open lines of communication with healthcare providers regarding any adverse reactions experienced while on phenytoin therapy. This ensures appropriate management of side effects, reducing the likelihood of complications.

Dietary Considerations and Recommendations

When initiating treatment with Dilantin, attention to diet plays a crucial role. Consistency in relation to food intake can impact the medication’s efficacy. Patients are often advised to take phenytoin with or without food to maintain stable blood levels.

Furthermore, individuals should remain vigilant about the consumption of caffeine and alcohol, as these substances can intensify the medication’s side effects. It is beneficial to have deeper discussions with healthcare professionals regarding dietary habits prior to commencing treatment to ensure a comprehensive management plan.

Monitoring and Patient Support

Regular blood level monitoring is vital for patients on phenytoin, as blood levels exceeding the therapeutic range may lead to toxicity, while levels below can compromise seizure control. Typical therapeutic levels range between 10–20 mcg/mL, with adjustments based on individual needs.

The importance of a robust support system cannot be overstated. Patients should consider engaging with support groups or healthcare teams to enhance their understanding of potential interactions and adverse effects associated with Dilantin. This community engagement can provide greater confidence and safety in managing their treatment plans.

Delivery Information

In Summary

Dilantin’s potential for drug interactions and side effects requires a careful, informed approach by both patients and healthcare providers. Adherence to prescribed dosages, proactive dietary management, and regular monitoring can significantly enhance treatment efficacy and patient safety.

All patients should stay informed about dilantin side effects and engage actively in their treatment to ensure the best possible outcomes.