Allergies occur when your immune system overreacts to normally harmless substances, treating them as threats and triggering various uncomfortable symptoms. When exposed to allergens, your body releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, skin rashes, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing.
Australia's diverse climate and environment present numerous allergy triggers that affect millions of Australians year-round. Common allergens across the country include:
Antiallergic medications work by either blocking the release of inflammatory chemicals or preventing them from binding to receptors in your body. This helps reduce or eliminate allergy symptoms, providing much-needed relief for sufferers.
Allergic reactions can range from mild symptoms like slight sneezing and watery eyes to severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis. While mild to moderate allergies can often be managed with over-the-counter medications, it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention for severe reactions involving difficulty breathing, swelling of face or throat, rapid pulse, or widespread rash. Consult your healthcare provider if allergies significantly impact your daily life or if symptoms persist despite treatment.
Antihistamines are the most commonly used antiallergic medications, working by blocking histamine receptors in your body. When allergens trigger histamine release, antihistamines prevent these chemicals from binding to H1 receptors, effectively stopping the cascade of allergic symptoms before they develop or reducing their severity.
First-generation antihistamines like Polaramine can cause drowsiness as they cross the blood-brain barrier, making them suitable for nighttime use or when sedation is desired. Second-generation antihistamines such as Claratyne, Telfast, and Zyrtec are formulated to minimise drowsiness whilst providing effective 24-hour relief, making them ideal for daytime use.
Leading antihistamine brands available in Australian pharmacies include Claratyne (loratadine), Telfast (fexofenadine), Zyrtec (cetirizine), and Polaramine (dexchlorpheniramine). Each offers different onset times and duration of action to suit individual needs and preferences.
Adult dosages typically involve one tablet daily for long-acting formulations, whilst children's doses vary by age and weight. Most modern antihistamines begin working within 30-60 minutes, providing relief for 12-24 hours. Always read product labels carefully and consult your pharmacist for personalised advice, especially when treating children or if you have underlying health conditions.
Corticosteroid nasal sprays are highly effective prescription and pharmacy medicines for managing allergic rhinitis symptoms. These sprays work by reducing inflammation in the nasal passages, providing relief from sneezing, congestion, and runny nose caused by seasonal or perennial allergies. Unlike antihistamine tablets, corticosteroid nasal sprays target the source of inflammation directly, making them particularly effective for persistent allergy symptoms.
Several trusted corticosteroid nasal spray brands are available at Australian pharmacies. Nasonex (mometasone) offers 24-hour relief and is suitable for adults and children over 3 years. Beconase (beclomethasone) provides effective symptom control and is available over-the-counter for convenience. Rhinocort (budesonide) is another popular option that offers gentle yet effective relief from nasal allergy symptoms. Your pharmacist can help determine which option best suits your specific needs and medical history.
Saline nasal sprays offer a natural, gentle approach to nasal congestion relief. These preservative-free solutions help flush out allergens, dust, and irritants from nasal passages whilst moisturising dry nasal tissues. Saline sprays are particularly beneficial for children, pregnant women, and those seeking drug-free alternatives. They can be used alongside other allergy treatments and are safe for daily use without risk of dependency.
Decongestant nasal sprays provide rapid relief from nasal congestion by shrinking swollen blood vessels in the nasal passages. However, these medications should be used with caution and only for short-term relief. Prolonged use beyond 3-5 days can lead to rebound congestion, where symptoms worsen when the medication wears off. Always follow package directions and consult your pharmacist about appropriate usage duration.
To ensure optimal results from nasal sprays, proper application technique is essential:
Antihistamine eye drops provide targeted relief for allergic conjunctivitis, directly addressing the uncomfortable symptoms of itchy, red, and watery eyes caused by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. These drops work by blocking histamine receptors in the eye, preventing the allergic response that causes irritation. They offer faster relief than oral antihistamines for eye-specific symptoms and are available in both prescription and over-the-counter formulations.
Several effective antihistamine eye drops are readily available at Australian pharmacies. Visine Allergy provides quick relief from minor eye irritation and allergic symptoms with its antihistamine formula. Patanol (olopatadine) is a prescription option that offers dual action as both an antihistamine and mast cell stabiliser for comprehensive allergy relief. Zaditen (ketotifen) is available over-the-counter and provides long-lasting protection against allergic reactions whilst being gentle enough for daily use.
Some eye drops combine antihistamines with decongestants to address both allergic reactions and redness associated with eye irritation. These combination products can provide more comprehensive symptom relief but should be used judiciously. Decongestant components can cause rebound redness if used excessively, and some individuals may experience increased eye dryness. Consult your pharmacist to determine if combination treatments are appropriate for your specific symptoms.
Proper application of eye drops ensures safety and effectiveness. Always wash your hands thoroughly before application and avoid touching the dropper tip to your eye or any surface. Tilt your head back, gently pull down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket, and instil the prescribed number of drops. Close your eyes gently for 1-2 minutes to allow proper absorption. If using multiple eye medications, wait at least 5 minutes between different drops to prevent dilution.
Whilst many eye allergy symptoms can be managed with over-the-counter treatments, certain situations require professional medical attention. Seek advice from an optometrist or doctor if symptoms persist despite treatment, if you experience severe eye pain, significant vision changes, or discharge that suggests infection. Additionally, contact lens wearers should consult their eye care professional before using allergy eye drops, as some formulations may not be compatible with contact lens materials or wearing schedules.
Many Australians are turning to natural alternatives to complement traditional antiallergic treatments. Butterbur and quercetin supplements have shown promising results in clinical studies, with butterbur demonstrating effectiveness comparable to some prescription antihistamines. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid found in foods like onions and apples, acts as a natural antihistamine and anti-inflammatory agent.
Probiotics play a crucial role in supporting immune system balance, particularly beneficial for those with allergic conditions. Research suggests that maintaining healthy gut bacteria may help reduce allergic responses and improve overall immune function. Local Australian honey is often recommended for seasonal allergies, as it may help build tolerance to local pollens, though scientific evidence remains limited.
Herbal teas containing nettle, chamomile, or green tea provide natural antihistamine properties and can be soothing during allergy flare-ups. However, it's essential to exercise caution when combining natural remedies with prescription medications, as interactions may occur. Always consult with your pharmacist or healthcare provider before starting any natural supplement regimen, especially if you're taking other medications or have underlying health conditions.
Selecting appropriate antiallergic treatment requires careful consideration of several factors specific to your situation and Australia's unique environment. The type and severity of your allergies, whether seasonal or perennial, significantly influence treatment choice. Seasonal allergies in Australia typically peak during spring months (September to November) with high pollen counts, whilst perennial allergies from dust mites or pet dander require year-round management strategies.
Age-specific considerations are crucial when choosing treatments. Children may require different formulations or dosages, with many liquid preparations available for younger patients. Elderly patients need special attention due to potential medication interactions and increased sensitivity to side effects. Pregnant and breastfeeding women have limited options, with some antihistamines considered safer than others during these periods.
Building an effective allergy management plan involves:
Australian pharmacists are valuable resources for guidance on over-the-counter options and can help coordinate with your GP for comprehensive care. They can provide advice on timing, interactions, and optimal treatment combinations tailored to Australia's climate and common allergens.
